Which is the best method to compact sand and gravel?

The best method to compact sand and gravel effectively involves combining both puddling and vibration. Puddling is a process that involves adding water to the soil, which helps to reduce air gaps and allows the particles to settle closely together when compacted. This method is particularly effective in sandy soils because it helps achieve a denser and more stable base, which is crucial for construction and landscaping projects.

On the other hand, vibration is used to enhance the compaction process by applying a mechanical action that causes soil particles to move closer together. Vibration can efficiently compact gravel and sand by creating a lateral pressure that helps eliminate voids and achieve a higher density. When used in conjunction with puddling, vibration accelerates the settling of the particles and results in a more uniform and stable compacted layer.

Combining these two methods leverages the benefits of each, providing a thorough compaction that might not be achieved as effectively if only one method were used. This is particularly important for ensuring the longevity and integrity of structures built on these materials, as well as preventing future sinking or shifting of the compacted layer.